A brake pad or shoe replacement is needed when the brake pad material is severely worn. The brake pads are located in the brake calipers at each wheel that has disc brakes. Brake shoes are used on brake drums which are used on the rear wheels of most modern vehicles. When the brakes are applied, the brake pads or shoes come into contact with the brake rotor to slow the vehicle down. The harder the brakes are applied, the quicker the vehicle stops.
Each time the breaks are applied the brake pad, or shoe, material wears down. Each vehicle manufacturer has different specification to how often the brake pads and shoes should be inspected. Some manufacturers recommend that brake pads should be checked more often depending upon the driver's habits and vehicle weight If the brake pads are not inspected often and they are worn then metal-to-metal contact will occur between the brake rotor and the worn brake pad causing damage to the brake rotor.
The wheel is removed to gain access to the brake calipers in order to change the brake pads. The brake pads are withdrawn from the brake calipers, and the calipers, brake hardware, and brake rotors are inspected for damage and wear.
Normally, brake pads and brake shoes are not covered under a factory warranty or extended warranty. However there are maintenance plans available that will cover the cost of brake pad or shoe replacement.